Thanks for the link! But I’m afraid it doesn’t tell me much. a) FreeBSD isn’t even on the list, so I don’t know the numbers to compare it to. and b) there’s things like survivorship bias. Looking at numbers like this is literally the textbook example of how to do it the wrong way. You have to do statistics the proper way around. For all we know by those numbers, Linux could be the best battle-tested OS in the world. I mean they fixed 3 times as many vulnerabilities as Microsoft did for any of their products?!

Sometimes I wish people would back up their factual claims with numbers and studies.

Also: FreeBSD phone, when??

I dislike it. Usually I’d use packages from my Linux distribution. Or package it myself and maybe upstream the effort if my distro has a user repository. Now (this way) it’s down to everybody download random files from the internet and execute them. Specifically what every Linux tutorial instructs you not to do. Plus there’s no updates, no security, no version control or transparency. It’s not licensed in any free way, so I can’t fix it or adapt it to my liking, I can’t help you write better Python code…

But it’s your software project. You’re perfectly fine to do whatever you want with it. And it’s certainly commendable to write software, whether you do it for yourself, or put it out there in some way.

To give some perspective: BitTorrent was released in 2001. So in the 90s, you’d be looking at some precursor to that. And the first CD recorder to cost less than $1000 was sold in 1995. Before that, they’d cost something like a car.

We definitely shared and copied a lot of floppy disks back then. And music on tapes.

Shouldn’t the upgrade also update the bootloader’s default entry to a new kernel? The way I’ve been doing it was apt update && apt dist-upgrade. And then reboot once every 1 to 2 years if I feel like it, am bored, or there’s all these news articles about a severe bug in the kernel.

Syncthing or Nextcloud. There’s a bunch of Linux sync software: https://awesome-selfhosted.net/tags/file-transfer--synchronization.html

Traditionally, you’d just put it on a NFS volume and be done with it. Or make it a boring plain old independent laptop with nightly backups configured, if your users always work from the same machine and don’t like… switch to a different computer in the middle of a task.

The entire page is an advertisement for an AI tool that helped uncover it. Guess that’s the demonstration on how it augments a report.

Mint is based on Ubuntu. It’s not strictly tied to any Debian release channel?! There’s LMDE as well. That’s based on stable.

Sounds reasonable. Yeah, good luck. I’m sure you’ll figure it out. Unfortunately it’s always a bit difficult to diagnose problems over the internet, without typing in the commands and seeing the exact output. But there should be a way to make it work, F2FS is designed for something like this.

Did you read the Wiki? You need to either pass the compress_extension option when mounting it. The Arch Wiki lists how to enable compression on all text files. And I gave you the version with a ‘*’, which enables compression for all files. Or you do a chattr -R +c ... on specific files or directories to compress them. Maybe you missed that and that’s why it doesn’t compress?!

There’s probably also a way to debug it and somehow figure out what it does and how many files/sectors got compressed on the filesystem. Linux usually buries that kind of information somewhere in /sys or /proc, or there’s special commands to figure it out. But I’m not really an expert on it.

And there’s also files which just can not be compressed any further because they’re already compressed. Most images, for example. Or music or ZIP archives. If you try to compress those, they’ll usually stay the same size.

I haven’t tried it. But looks to me you need to add “compression” when formatting it. And then later when mounting, you’d add options like compress_algorithm=zstd,compress_extension=*

Remember to enable it. Usually the Arch Wiki is a great resource to learn stuff: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/F2FS

And don’t forget to back up your data if you’re messing around with your computer. One typo with the device names is enough to accidentally delete your harddrive.

Good call. Seems minimum for ZFS is three quarters of a Gigabyte, anyway. And definitely not made for what OP does 😆

truncate -s 128M fs.img  
parted fs.img  
  mklabel gpt  
  mkpart primary btrfs 1MiB 100%  
  quit  
sudo losetup --find --partscan --show fs.img  
sudo mkfs.btrfs /dev/loop0p1  

You should be able to skip the loop device stuff and work on an actual device instead. Seems to me the limit is somewhere between 64M and 128M.

Edit: But as edinbruh said, maybe try f2fs if it’s a flash device, that’s probably a bit more lightweight?! And since I don’t know what you’re doing… If it’s embedded stuff and you’re alright with read-only, you might want to use squashfs.

Huh. My computer allows me to format a 128MB image file with brtfs. It won’t do it at 64MB though.

The issue with the tools I’ve seen is, they either don’t factor in how language models are trained and datasets are prepared in reality. Or they’re based on some outdated information. I’ve never seen any specific tool backed by science or even with a plausible way of working against current data gathering processes… So for all intents and purposes, they’re a bit more alike homeopathy or alternative medicine. Sure, you’re perfectly fine taking sugar pills, there’s nothing wrong with that. But don’t confuse it with actual science-backed medicine.

And I mean the poisoning goes even further than that. There’s not just people trying to make a LLM output gibberish. There’s also lots of people with a vested (commercial) interest in sneaking in false information, their political agenda, or even a tire company who wants ChatGPT to say “Company XY” is the most trustworthy shop for new tires for your car. Judging by the public information out there, we’re already way past simple attacks. And the AI companies are aware of it. It’s an ongoing cat and mouse game. And while there’s all these sweatshops, they’ll also use other AI to sift through the data, natural language processing. From what I remember they have secret watermarking in place in a lot of commecial chatbots and image generators… So unless people come up with very clever mechanisms, the “poisoning” attempt will probably be detected with some very basic (fully automated) plausibility checks and they’ll just discard your data without wasting a lot of resources on it.

Depends and no. The tools are completely ineffective.

There was a paper once about how feeding generative AI it’s own output makes it deteriorate. But that’s not the entire story. Many/most modern large language models are in fact trained or fine-tuned on synthetic text. Depending on how it’s done, it can very well make models better. For example in “distillation”, and AI companies can replace expensive RLHF with synthetic examples. It can also make them worse. But you’re not the one curating the datasets or deciding what goes where and how.

In general in ML it’s not advised to train a model on its own output. That in itself can’t make the predictions any better, just worse.

PostmarketOS with some customizations? I think that should be possible.

Uhm fake? And they even omitted system requirements from Microsoft’s list?!

Speaking from my own experience… Lots of people try to cobble together information and try to learn something quick. To varying degrees of success… But it’s a bit of a hit and miss sometimes. And you don’t necessarily learn it the proper way or the right way around if you go by the random order your questions arise.

I think one of the most efficient ways (and least time-consuming in the long run) is still good old books. They’re mostly written by clever people. And they come with the information curated. And laid out in the correct order, so you’ll get the basics first and then the stuff building on top of that. So you don’t need to waste a lot of time jumping back and forth and get entangled because you don’t really know you’re missing some basics while learning some advanced concept.

It’s not easy either. I mean first of all you gotta find some book that matches your learning style. And then I regularly struggle with the first few chapters because I kind of already know 70% of the stuff, yet not all of it. So it’s tricky to hit some balance between brushing over things, and not missing important information… But it gets better after that.

But I think more often than not, it’s the proper way. And since it’s curated and all, it’ll save time in the long run.

(I can’t really compare it to the AI approach. I’ve used AI to look up documentation for me. But never used it to learn any more complicated concepts. So I don’t have any first-hand experience with that.)